What the Free Movement Protocol guarantees
Protocol A/P.1/5/79 relating to Free Movement of Persons, Residence and Establishment guarantees every ECOWAS citizen fundamental rights within the Community area. These rights apply in the 12 Member States and are protected by Community texts.
Droit d'entrée et de circulation
Any ECOWAS citizen holding a valid travel document (passport or ECOWAS biometric identity card) may freely enter the territory of any Member State without a visa. This right is guaranteed for stays of up to 90 days.
Droit de résidence
After the initial 90-day period, any ECOWAS citizen may apply for a residence card from the authorities of the host country. This card allows legal residence for an extended period and is renewable.
Droit d'établissement
ECOWAS citizens have the right to settle in any Member State to carry out an economic, professional or commercial activity under the same conditions as nationals of the host country.
Travel with peace of mind
To move freely within the ECOWAS area, carry your passport or your ECOWAS biometric identity card. These documents guarantee visa-free entry into the 12 Member States. The Resident Representation can inform you about how to obtain and renew them.
The steps of your journey in the ECOWAS area
Prepare your documents
Make sure you have a valid passport or an ECOWAS biometric identity card. Check that your documents are valid before you leave.
Cross the border
Go to the border post with your travel document. Entry is free and visa-free for ECOWAS citizens. Maximum length of the initial stay: 90 days.
Extend your stay
If you wish to stay beyond 90 days, apply for a residence card from the competent authorities of the host country.
Settle
To work or carry out an economic activity, complete the establishment procedures. You enjoy the same rights as nationals.